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Salt solutions (part one)

          --- part one ---
AcO-
(AcO)2Ca 1; 1.5M
AcOK 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8M
(AcO)2Mg 1M
AcONa 1; 2; 3; 4M
pH of Ac K/Na solutions
AcONH4 1; 2; 3; 4M
CO3-
K2CO3 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6M
KHCO3 1M
Na2CO3 1; 2M
NaHCO3 1M
(NH4)2CO3 1; 2; 3; 4; 5M
Br-
KBr 1; 2; 3; 4; 4.5M
NaBr 1; 2; 3; 4; 5.5M
Cl-
CaCl2 1; 2; 3; 4; 5M
CoCl2 1; 1.5M
CsCl 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7M
KCl 1; 2; 3; 3.5M
LiCl 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12M
MgCl2 1; 2; 3; 4M
MnCl2 1; 2; 3M
NaCl 1; 2; 3; 4; 5M
NH4Cl 1; 2; 3; 4; 5M
NiCl2 1; 1.5M
RbCl 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6M
ZnCl2 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10M
ClO4-
NaClO4 1; 2; 3; 4M

 Supplement.

          --- part two ---
SxOy2-
Cs2SO4 1M
CuSO4 1M
K2SO4 0.5M
KHSO4 1; 2M
MgSO4 1; 2; 2.5M
MnSO4 1; 2; 2.5M
Na2SO3 1; 1.5M
Na2S2O3 1; 2; 3M
Na2SO4 1M
NaHSO4 1; 2M
(NH4)2SO4 1; 2; 3; 4; 4.5M
NiSO4 1M
ZnSO4 1; 2; 2.5M
NO3-
AgNO3 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6M
PO42-
KH2PO4 1M
pH of KP solutions 1M
Na3PO4 0.5M
Na2HPO4 0.5M
NaH2PO4 1M
pH of NaP solutions 1M
I-
KI 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6M
NaI 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7M
Other:
NaN3 1; 2; 3; 4; 5M
KMnO4 0.5M
Na3C6H5O7 1M
Na3C6H5O7 1M
The densities of solutions were taken from "Reference book of chemist". (1964) Volume III, "Chemistry", Moscow-Leningrad, 2nd edition, Ed. B.P.Nikolskij. The original data are available on the page "Densities of salt solutions".








    About the recalculation of recipes for the arbitrary volumes:


    AcO-

    (AcO)2Ca

    Calcium Acetate, C4H6CaO4, Mw=158.17g/M
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    (AcO)2Ca1M158.2g/M14.6067.91g15.82g39.55g
    H2O mQ85.39446.245ml92.49ml231.23ml
    1000ml/
    158.2g/M1M1.5M
    (AcO)2Ca [g]158.2
    		237.3
    H2O [ml]924.9
    		884.1
    %(w/w)14.60621.161
    H2O %(w/w)85.39478.839
    p (g/ml) 18oC1.08311.1214

    AcOK

    Potassium Acetate, KCH3CO2, Mw=98.15g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml150ml
    KC2H3O21M98.15g/M9.384.908g9.815g14.723g
    H2O mQ90.6247.42ml94.84ml142.3ml
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml150ml
    KC2H3O25M98.15g/M40.2924.54g49.08g73.61g
    H2O mQ59.7136.36ml72.72ml109.07ml
    1000ml/
    98.15g/M1M2M3M4M5M6M7M8M
    KC2H3O2 [g]98.15
    		196.3
    		294.45
    		392.6
    		490.75
    		588.9
    		687.05
    		785.2
    H2O [ml]948.35
    		895
    		840.65
    		784.6
    		727.15
    		668.2
    		607.55
    		545.7
    %(w/w)9.37917.98825.94033.35040.29546.84653.07058.998
    H2O %(w/w)90.62182.01274.06066.65059.70553.15446.93041.002
    p (g/ml) 18oC1.04651.09131.13511.17721.21791.25711.29461.3309

    (AcO)2Mg

    Magnesium Acetate, Mg(C2H3O2)2x 4H2O; Mw=214.46g/m; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock50ml100ml300ml
    Mg(C2H3O2)2x4H2O1M214.46g/M10.72g21.45g64.34g
    H2O mQ    
    0.5M: 10.33%(w/w) Mg(C2H3O2)2x 4H2O, 89.67% H2O; p=1.038, 18oC;
    (none) 1M: 20.44%(w/w) Mg(C2H3O2)2x4H2O, 79.56% H2O; p=1.049.

    AcONa

    Sodium Acetate, Na(CH3COO) x 3H2O; Mw=136.08g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock50ml100ml300ml
    AcONax3H2O3M136.08g/M20.41g40.82g122.5g
    H2O mQ    
    Na(CH3COO); Mw=82.03g/M
    Conc.Stock50ml100ml300ml
    AcONa3M82.03g/M12.30g24.61g73.83g
    H2O mQ    
    pH5.2 - adjust by glacial acetic acid;
    pH7.0 - adjust by diluted acetic acid;
  • may be treated by DEPC and sterilized by autoclaving.
  • For 500ml of 3M NaAc
    • Desired pH
    500ml    		Glacial acetic acid
    5.905ml
    5.806ml
    5.5810ml
    5.2520ml
    5.1725ml
    5.0730ml
    1000ml/
    82.03g/M1M2M3M4M
    Na(CH3COO) [g]82.03
    		164.06
    		246.09
    		328.12
    H2O [ml]956.67
    		912.64
    		867.41
    		821.18
    %(w/w)7.89715.23722.10128.550
    H2O %(w/w)92.10384.76377.89971.450
    p (g/ml) 18oC1.03871.07671.11351.1493

    (none) Preparation of 0.1 M Sodium and Potassium Acetate buffers.

    Solution A: 5.75ml glacial acetic acid/liter (0.1M).
    Solution B: 0.1M monobasic Sodium/Potassium Acetate.    

    Desired pHSolution>ASolutionB
    SolutionASolutionB
    3.646.3ml3.7ml
    3.844.0ml6.0ml
    4.041.0ml9.0ml
    4.236.8ml13.2ml
    4.430.5ml19.5ml
    4.625.5ml24.5ml
    4.820.0ml30.0ml
    5.014.8ml35.2ml
    5.210.5ml39.5ml
    5.48.8ml41.2ml
    5.64.8ml45.2ml

    AcONH4

    Ammonium Acetate, CH3COONH4; Mw=77.08g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)10ml50ml150ml
    CH3COONH410M77.08g/M71.847.708g38.54g115.62g
    H2O mQ28.163.022ml15.11ml45.33ml
    10M: p=1.073.
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml200ml
    AcONH47.5M10M76.3037.5ml
    40.24g    		75ml
    80.48g    		150ml
    160.95g
    H2O mQ23.7012.5ml25ml50ml
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml200ml
    AcONH42.0M10M21.1510ml
    10.73g    		20ml
    21.46g    		40ml
    42.92g
    H2O mQ78.8540ml80ml160ml
    1000ml/
    77.08g/M1M2M3M4M
    AcONH4 [g]77.08
    		154.16
    		231.24
    		308.32
    H2O [ml]938.02
    		875.64
    		811.96
    		747.28
    %(w/w)7.59314.97022.16629.208
    H2O %(w/w)92.40785.03077.83470.792
    p (g/ml) 18oC1.01511.02981.04321.0556

See also:
/web-links/

    CO3-

    K2CO3

    Potassium Carbonate, K2CO3, Mw=138.2g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    K2CO31M138.2g/M12.416.91g13.82g34.55g
    H2O mQ87.5948.77ml97.54ml243.85ml
    1000ml/
    138.2g/M1M2M3M4M5M6M
    K2CO3 [g]138.2
    		276.4
    		414.6
    		552.8
    		691
    		829.2
    H2O [ml]975.4
    		941.6
    		900.4
    		853.2
    		802.2
    		737.5
    %(w/w)12.41022.69331.52939.31746.27652.927
    H2O %(w/w)87.59077.30768.47160.68353.72447.073
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.11361.21801.31501.40601.49321.5667

    KHCO3

    Potassium Bicarbonate, KHCO3, Mw=100.1g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    KHCO31M100.1g/M9.4145.005g10.01g25.03g
    H2O mQ90.58648.16ml96.32ml240.80ml
    1M; p=1.0633, 15oC

    Na2CO3

    Sodium Carbonate, Na2CO3, Mw=106.0g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    Na2CO31M106.0g/M9.6465.30g10.60g26.50g
    H2O mQ90.35449.645ml99.29ml248.23ml
    1000ml/
    106.0g/M1M2M
    Na2CO3 [g]106
    		212
    H2O [ml]992.9
    		979.2
    %(w/w)9.64617.797
    H2O %(w/w)90.35482.203
    p (g/ml)1.09891.1912

    NaHCO3

    Sodium Bicarbonate, NaHCO3, Mw=84.01g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    NaHCO31M84.01g/M7.9434.201g8.401g21.00g
    H2O mQ92.05748.68ml97.369ml243.42ml
    1M: p=1.0577, 18oC

    (NH4)2CO3

    Ammonium Carbonate, (NH4)2CO3, Mw=96.09g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    (NH4)2CO31M96.09g/M9.3174.805g9.609g24.02g
    H2O mQ90.68346.76ml93.52ml233.80ml
    1000ml/
    96.09g/M1M2M3M4M5M
    (NH4)2CO3 [g]96.09
    		192.18
    		288.27
    		384.36
    		480.45
    H2O [ml]935.21
    		868.92
    		800.63
    		729.84
    		654.75
    %(w/w)9.31718.11126.47434.49642.323
    H2O %(w/w)90.68381.88973.52665.50457.677
    p (g/ml) 15oC1.03131.06111.08891.11421.1352

    Br-

    KBr

    Potassium Bromide, KBr, Mw=119.0g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    KBr3M119.0g/M28.66817.85g35.70g89.25g
    H2O mQ71.33244.415ml88.83ml222.08ml
    1000ml/
    119.0g/M1M2M3M4M4.5M
    KBr [g]119
    		238
    		357
    		476
    		535.5
    H2O [ml]963.1
    		926.3
    		888.3
    		849.3
    		829.5
    %(w/w)10.99720.44128.66835.91639.231
    H2O %(w/w)89.00379.55971.33264.08460.769
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.08211.16431.24531.32531.365

    NaBr

    Sodium Bromide, NaBr, Mw=102.9g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    NaBr3M102.9g/M25.12615.435g30.87g77.18g
    H2O mQ74.87445.995ml91.99ml229.98ml
    1000ml/
    102.9g/M1M2M3M4M5M5.5M
    NaBr [g]102.9
    		205.8
    		308.7
    		411.6
    		514.5
    		565.95
    H2O [ml]973.6
    		947.3
    		919.9
    		891.6
    		862.8
    		848.15
    %(w/w)9.55917.84825.12631.58437.35640.022
    H2O %(w/w)90.44182.15274.87468.41662.64459.978
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.07651.15311.22861.30321.37731.4141

    Cl-

    CaCl2

    Calcium Chloride, CaCl2 Mw=110.98g/M;
    CaCl2x2H2O Mw=147.02g/M;
    CaCl2x 6H2O Mw=219.08g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml200ml300ml
    CaCl21M110.98g/M10.225.549g22.20g33.29g
    H2O mQ89.7848.73ml194.9ml292.4ml
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml200ml300ml
    CaCl2x2H2O1M147.02g/M13.547.351g29.40g44.11g
    H2O mQ86.4646.92ml187.7ml281.5ml
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml200ml300ml
    CaCl2x 6H2O1M219.08g/M20.1810.95g43.82g65.72g
    H2O mQ79.8243.32ml173.3ml259.9ml
    1000ml/
    110.98g/M1M2M3M4M5M
    CaCl2 [g]110.98
    		221.96
    		332.94
    		443.92
    		554.9
    H2O [ml]974.52
    		945.74
    		913.56
    		877.38
    		838.6
    %(w/w)10.22419.00826.71033.59739.821
    H2O %(w/w)89.77680.99273.29066.40360.179
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.08551.16771.24651.32131.3935

    CoCl2

    Cobaltous Chloride, CoCl2, Mw=129.78g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    CoCl2 x 6H2O1M237.9g/M21.38411.895g23.79g59.48g
    H2O mQ78.61643.73ml87.46ml218.65ml
    1000ml/
    237.9g/M1M1.5M
    CoCl2 x 6H2O [g]237.9
    		356.85
    H2O [ml]874.6
    		809.95
    %(w/w)21.38430.584
    H2O %(w/w)78.61669.416
    p (g/ml) 18oC1.11251.1668

    CsCl

    Cesium Chloride, CsCl, Mw=168.36g/M;
    Densities and refraction indexes of CsCl solutions.
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    CsC5M168.36g/M51.99842.09g84.18g210.45g
    H2O mQ48.00238.855ml77.71ml194.28ml
    1000ml/
    168.36g/M1M2M3M4M5M6M7M
    CsCl [g]168.36
    		336.72
    		505.08
    		673.44
    		841.8
    		1010.16
    		1178.52
    H2O [ml]955.84
    		912.88
    		868.62
    		823.36
    		777.1
    		731.14
    		683.68
    %(w/w)14.97626.94636.76844.99251.99858.01263.286
    H2O %(w/w)85.02473.05463.23255.00848.00241.98836.714
    p (g/ml) 25oC1.12421.24961.37371.49681.61891.74131.8622


    KCl

    Potassium Chloride, KCl, Mw=74.56g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml200ml300ml
    KCl1M74.56g/M7.143.728g14.91g22.37g
    H2O mQ92.8648.49ml193.9ml290.9ml
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml200ml300ml
    KCl2M74.56g/M13.87.46g29.82g44.74g
    H2O mQ86.246.54ml186.18ml279.3ml
    1000ml/
    74.56g/M1M2M3M3.5M
    KCl [g]74.56
    		149.12
    		223.68
    		260.96
    H2O [ml]969.84
    		939.28
    		907.02
    		891.34
    %(w/w)7.13913.70119.78222.647
    H2O %(w/w)92.86186.29980.21877.353
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.04441.08841.13071.1523

    LiCl

    Lithium Chloride, LiCl x H2O; Mw=60.41g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml150ml200ml
    LiCl x H2O9M60.41g/M45.5227.18g81.55g108.74g
    H2O mQ54.4832.53ml97.59ml130.12ml
    1000ml/
    60.41g/M1M2M3M4M5M6M
    LiCl x H2O [g]60.41
    		120.82
    		181.23
    		241.64
    		302.05
    		362.46
    H2O [ml]961.89
    		924.18
    		885.77
    		846.86
    		807.45
    		768.04
    %(w/w)5.90911.56216.98522.19927.22432.062
    H2O %(w/w)94.09188.43883.01577.80172.77667.938
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.02231.04501.06701.08851.10951.1305
     
    60.41g/M7M8M9M10M11M12M
    LiCl x H2O [g]422.87
    		483.28
    		543.69
    		604.1
    		664.51
    		724.92
    H2O [ml]728.23
    		689.02
    		650.61
    		611.6
    		572.19
    		532.48
    %(w/w)36.73641.22545.52449.69253.73357.652
    H2O %(w/w)63.26458.77554.47650.30846.26742.348
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.15111.17231.19431.21571.23671.2574

    MgCl2

    Magnesium Chloride, MgCl2x6H2O; Mw=203.30g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml150ml200ml
    MgCl2x6H2O1M203.30g/M18.9510.17g30.50g40.66g
    H2O mQ81.0543.49ml130.5ml173.9ml
    1000ml/
    203.30g/M1M2M3M4M
    MgCl2x6H2O [g]203.3
    		406.6
    		609.9
    		813.2
    H2O [ml]869.9
    		737.5
    		601
    		462
    %(w/w)18.94335.53950.36763.770
    H2O %(w/w)81.05764.46149.63336.230
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.07321.14411.21091.2752

    MnCl2

    Manganese Chloride, MnCl2, Mw=125.844g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml300ml
    MnCl2x 4H2O1M197.9g/M18.009.895g19.79g59.37g
    H2O mQ82.0045.08ml90.15ml270.5ml
    1000ml/
    197.9g/M1M2M3M
    MnCl2 x 4H2O [g]197.9
    		395.8
    		593.7
    H2O [ml]901.5
    		800
    		696.2
    %(w/w)18.00133.09946.027
    H2O %(w/w)81.99966.90153.973
    p (g/ml) 18oC1.09941.19581.2899

    NaCl

    Sodium Chloride, NaCl, Mw=58.44g/M; (store at NT).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml150ml200ml
    NaCl5M58.44g/M24.6414.61g43.8358.44g
    H2O mQ75.3644.69ml134.06ml178.74ml
    1000ml/
    58.44g/M1M2M3M4M5M
    NaCl [g]58.44
    		116.88
    		175.32
    		233.76
    		292.2
    H2O [ml]980.16
    		960.22
    		938.88
    		916.64
    		893.5
    %(w/w)5.62710.85115.73520.32024.644
    H2O %(w/w)94.37389.14984.26579.68075.356
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.03861.07711.11421.15041.1857

    NH4Cl

    Ammonium Chloride, NH4Cl, Mw=53.49g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    NH4Cl3M53.49g/M15.3718.02g16.05g40.12g
    H2O mQ84.62944.18ml88.35ml220.88ml
    1000ml/
    53.49g/M1M2M3M4M5M
    NH4Cl [g]53.49
    		106.98
    		160.47
    		213.96
    		267.45
    H2O [ml]961.11
    		922.72
    		883.53
    		843.34
    		802.55
    %(w/w)5.27210.38915.37120.23624.995
    H2O %(w/w)94.72889.61184.62979.76475.005
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.01461.02971.04401.05731.0700

    NiCl2

    Nickel Chloride, NiCl2, Mw=129.60g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    NiCl21M129.60g/M11.5976.48g12.96g32.40g
    H2O mQ88.40349.395ml98.79ml246.98ml
    1000ml/
    129.60g/M1M1.5M
    NiCl2 [g]129.6
    		194.4
    H2O [ml]987.9
    		979.3
    %(w/w)11.59716.563
    H2O %(w/w)88.40383.437
    p (g/ml) 18oC1.11751.1737

    RbCl

    Rubidium Chloride, RbCl, Mw=120.92g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    RbCl3M120.92g/M27.63318.138g36.28g90.69g
    H2O mQ72.36747.502ml95.00ml237.51ml
    1000ml/
    120.92g/M1M2M3M4M5M6M
    RbCl [g]120.92
    		241.84
    		362.76
    		483.68
    		604.6
    		725.52
    H2O [ml]980.18
    		944.96
    		950.04
    		901.12
    		861.4
    		789.18
    %(w/w)10.98220.37727.63334.92841.24147.899
    H2O %(w/w)89.01879.62372.36765.07258.75952.101
    p (g/ml) 20oC1.10111.18681.31281.38481.46601.5147

    ZnCl2

    Zinc Chloride, ZnCl2, Mw=136.28g/M; (store at 4oC in tightly closed vessel).
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml150ml200ml
    ZnCl21M136.28g/M12.276.81g20.4g27.3g
    H2O mQ87.7348.7ml146ml195ml
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    ZnCl23M136.28g/M31.27120.44g40.88g102.21g
    H2O mQ68.72944.93ml89.86ml224.64ml
    1000ml/
    136.28g/M1M2M3M4M5M
    ZnCl2 [g]136.28
    		272.56
    		408.84
    		545.12
    		681.4
    H2O [ml]974.72
    		939.34
    		898.56
    		856.98
    		815.5
    %(w/w)12.26622.49031.27138.87945.521
    H2O %(w/w)87.73477.51068.72961.12154.479
    p (g/ml)1.11101.21191.30741.40211.4969
     
    136.28g/M6M7M8M9M10M
    ZnCl2817.68
    		953.96
    		1090.24
    		1226.52
    		1362.8
    H2O [ml]773.62
    		730.64
    		686.06
    		639.58
    		592.3
    %(w/w)51.38456.62861.37765.72669.705
    H2O %(w/w)48.61643.37238.62334.27430.295
    p (g/ml)1.59131.68461.77631.86611.9551

    ClO4-

    NaClO4

    Sodium Perchlorate, NaClO4, Mw=122.4g/M;
    Conc.Stock%(w/w)50ml100ml250ml
    NaClO43M122.4g/M30.02718.36g36.72g91.80g
    H2O mQ69.97342.785ml85.57ml213.93ml
    1000ml/
    122.4g/M1M2M3M4M
    NaClO4 [g]122.4
    		244.8
    		367.2
    		489.6
    H2O [ml]953
    		904.9
    		855.7
    		805.4
    %(w/w)11.38221.29330.02737.807
    H2O %(w/w)88.61878.70769.97362.193
    p (g/ml) 18oC1.07541.14971.22291.2950


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